Effect of protrusion amount on gas ingestion of radial rim seal

In this paper, the effect of different amount of protrusion on various parameters in rotor–stator system was experimentally studied by measuring CO₂ concentration and pressure, in order to obtain the optimal protrusion amount. The parameters of different dimensionless sealing flow were measured under the condition that the annulus Reynolds number was 4.39 × 10⁵ and the rotating Reynolds number was 1.05 × 10⁶. The results show that the change of the amount of protrusions has little effect on the static pressure in the cavity, and the static pressure change near the sealing ring is almost negligible. But the total pressure and sealing efficiency increase first and then decrease with the increase of the amount of protrusion. The variation of power consumption is the same. A complex vortex structure will appear at the high radius region when the protrusion is installed. On the other hand, the protrusion can effectively reduce the minimum sealing flow of the rotor–stator cavity. Furthermore, considering the sealing efficiency and power consumption, the best range of the protrusion amount is about 36. The ratio near this range can optimally balance the alleviation of the gas ingestion and the reduction of the power consumption.     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

航空橡胶密封件力学与密封性能检测技术

介绍了航空橡胶密封件的力学、泄漏、损伤、接触变形等特性的无损检测技术及应用情况。其中,橡胶密封件泄漏压差测量方法,用于获得不同压差下的气体泄漏率;橡胶密封件接触应力超声检测技术,实现了橡胶密封接触应力的准确测量;橡胶密封件损伤与泄漏的红外热成像测试技术,可以得到泄漏点的定位与泄漏量的精确测量;橡胶密封件接触变形数字图像相关技术,获得了织物接触界面变形场与应力场的演化规律等。同时,对航空橡胶密封件的非接触测量技术进行了展望。     

作动筒密封圈断裂分析

某型飞机起落架作动筒发生漏油故障,分解后发现作动筒橡胶密封圈断裂,直接影响了飞行安全。通过对断裂的密封圈断口及表面进行观察和硬度测定,分析密封圈的失效性质及断裂产生的原因,确定了橡胶密封圈失效模式,并提出了纠正措施。     

基于多孔介质模型的指尖密封泄漏流动分析

将指尖密封处理为多孔介质,把压力梯度作为多孔介质动量方程中的源项,根据试验结果确定了源项中的系数,结合指尖密封的结构参数提出了用于指尖密封泄漏的多孔介质模型,利用该模型计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,证明利用该模型模拟指尖密封泄漏是可行的.流场计算结果表明:指尖密封与转子接触部分的孔隙率对泄漏影响比较大,指尖密封的承压部分主要为后挡板内径以下区域.      

减压腔宽度对刷式密封泄漏特性和滞后效应的影响

对减压腔轴向宽度分别为0、04 mm和06 mm的基本型和两种低滞后刷式密封结构进行了静态和动态下压差升降和转子转速升降循环试验,并对其泄漏特性和滞后效应进行了研究。研究结果表明:压差大于02 MPa后,同一压差下的动态泄漏系数比静态降低约14%~20%;低滞后结构的密封性能优于基本型,其泄漏系数最高比基本型降低约20%;静态压差升降循环中,减压腔轴向宽度为06 mm的低滞后结构的滞后效应最强;动态的压差升降循环中,基本型结构的滞后效应最强。转子转速升降循环前后,w为06 mm结构泄漏系数减小约15%,滞后效应最强,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm结构几乎不存在滞后效应;三种结构中,减压腔轴向宽度为04 mm的结构密封性能最优,滞后效应也最弱。     

基于金属密封垫圈非线性变形仿真的预紧设计

为确保密封结构能有效阻止箱体内部介质的泄漏,要求密封面具备一定的密封比压,即通过施加合理的拧紧力矩来控制密封件的压缩量。目前主要采用试验方法验证一系列拧紧力矩下的密封效果,从而获取临界力矩值并确定可靠的拧紧力矩设计值。文章基于试验经验做出了合理的假设以建立简化的非线性有限元分析模型,对金属垫圈在压紧力下的塑性变形进行仿真,通过金属垫圈发生临界变形量的压紧力反推出拧紧力矩的临界值。该方法获取的临界力矩值与试验方法相近,可以有效地提高设计效率,降低试验成本。     

封严篦齿腔内流动及旋涡分布和顶板换热特性的实验研究

自行设计了吸气式篦齿换热风洞并对篦齿腔内部旋涡分布及流场和篦齿顶板换热特性进行了详细的研究。测出了在不同雷诺数和齿隙比篦齿腔中旋涡分布和顶板换热规律。从机理上分析了雷诺数和齿隙比对篦齿腔内流动旋涡分布及顶板表面局部换热规律的影响。     

某型飞机机翼整体油箱工艺研究

介绍了某型机机翼整体油箱的研制过程,针对总体气动、结构和使用维护等对整体油箱提出的性能要求,工程部门相应采用严格的环境措施、确保协调精度的预装配措施以及湿连接、密封装配措施等,解决了研制过程中诸多关键难题,保证了整体油箱的研制进度和产品质量,经各种试验检测和试飞考核,该整体油箱质量稳定可靠,性能良好。     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。